As a specialist in newborn care, one of the topics I frequently discuss with parents is neonatal jaundice. Although this condition is common and, in most cases, temporary and manageable, it can be concerning for parents to see their baby's skin turning yellowish. Below, I share essential information about what jaundice is, its causes, and when it is important to seek medical attention.
What Is jaundice?
Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes in newborns, caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down. In adults and older children, the liver processes and eliminates bilirubin efficiently, but in newborns, the liver is not yet fully developed, which can lead to a buildup of bilirubin and, consequently, jaundice.
Why is it common in newborns?
Jaundice is quite common in the first days of life because the baby's liver is still developing and may have difficulty processing bilirubin. Some factors that increase the likelihood of jaundice include premature birth, blood type incompatibility between mother and baby, and difficulties in the initiation of breastfeeding, which can reduce bilirubin elimination.
When does it appear and how long does it last?
Jaundice usually appears between the second and fourth day of life. In full-term babies, it typically lasts between one and two weeks, while in premature babies, it may last longer. In most cases, it resolves naturally as the baby's liver matures.
How to recognize jaundice
To identify jaundice, observe if the baby's skin and the whites of their eyes have a yellowish tone. This coloration usually begins on the face and, if bilirubin levels increase, it can spread to the chest, abdomen, and legs.
When to seek medical attention
While mild jaundice is normal, it is essential to know when to seek medical care. I recommend consulting a pediatrician if:
- The yellow coloration spreads to the legs or worsens instead of improving.
- The baby appears lethargic, has difficulty feeding, or cries with an unusual tone.
- Jaundice persists for more than two weeks in a full-term baby.
In some cases, the pediatrician may suggest a bilirubin test to assess the exact level and determine if treatment is needed.
Treatment for jaundice
In most cases, mild jaundice does not require treatment and resolves as the baby feeds regularly, which helps eliminate bilirubin. However, if bilirubin levels are high, treatment may include:
- Phototherapy: A special light that helps break down bilirubin in the body.
- Frequent feeding: Increasing feeding frequency helps eliminate bilirubin through bowel movements.
- Additional treatments: In severe cases, always under medical supervision.
Advice for parents
Although jaundice may seem alarming, it is generally a temporary condition and poses no risk to the baby. As a neonatal care specialist, I suggest that parents monitor any changes and stay in contact with the pediatrician for guidance. Ensuring the baby feeds regularly and following up with the doctor are the best ways to manage jaundice at home.
I hope this blog helps clarify questions about jaundice and, most importantly, provides peace of mind to families going through this stage with their newborns.
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